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Award Criteria & Evaluation

Plain-language definitions of every Award Criteria & Evaluation term that shows up in government tender work.


Award Criteria & Evaluation

Abnormally Low Tender

An Abnormally Low Tender is a bid whose price or cost appears implausibly low relative to the works, supplies, or services to be provided, triggering a mandatory obligation on the contracting authority to request an explanation from the bidder before it can be rejected, under Article 69 of Directive 2014/24/EU.

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Award Criteria & Evaluation

Award Criteria Sub-Criteria

Award Criteria Sub-Criteria are the granular evaluation dimensions defined within a top-level award criterion, each carrying its own weight or score allocation, enabling contracting authorities to signal the relative importance of specific aspects of quality, technical merit, or cost within a broader evaluation framework.

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Award Criteria & Evaluation

Best Price-Quality Ratio

The Best Price-Quality Ratio is the dominant form of MEAT evaluation under EU procurement law, requiring contracting authorities to assess tenders against a weighted combination of price or cost and qualitative criteria linked to the contract subject matter, such as technical merit, delivery methodology, and environmental performance.

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Award Criteria & Evaluation

Best Value Evaluation

Best Value Evaluation is the overarching procurement philosophy that contract award should deliver the optimum combination of quality and cost over the lifetime of the contract, balancing immediate price against whole-life performance, risk, and social outcomes rather than defaulting to the lowest available price.

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Award Criteria & Evaluation

Cost Criterion

The Cost Criterion is a tender evaluation element that measures the total economic cost of a procurement rather than the quoted price alone, encompassing life-cycle elements such as operating, maintenance, and disposal costs, enabling contracting authorities to assess long-term value more accurately than a price-only comparison.

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Award Criteria & Evaluation

Evaluation Matrix

An Evaluation Matrix is the structured scoring grid used by an evaluation panel to record individual criterion scores for each compliant tender, typically presenting criteria as rows and bidders as columns, enabling transparent application of the published weighting structure and producing a comparable overall score for each submission.

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Award Criteria & Evaluation

Evaluation Panel

An Evaluation Panel is the group of named, qualified individuals appointed by a contracting authority to assess and score tender submissions against the published award criteria, with responsibility for producing a scored evaluation record that supports the award recommendation and withstands scrutiny in any subsequent review or challenge.

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Award Criteria & Evaluation

Evaluation Report

An Evaluation Report is the formal document produced by a contracting authority at the conclusion of a tender evaluation, recording the scores awarded to each tender against each criterion, the reasoning for those scores, the ranking of compliant tenders, and the basis for the contract award recommendation.

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Award Criteria & Evaluation

Exclusion of Tender

Exclusion of Tender is the formal decision by a contracting authority to remove a submission from the evaluation process, either because it is non-compliant with mandatory requirements, because the bidder meets a mandatory or discretionary exclusion ground, or because the bid cannot be substantiated in response to an abnormally low tender investigation.

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Award Criteria & Evaluation

Life-Cycle Costing

Life-Cycle Costing is a procurement evaluation methodology that calculates the total cost of a product, service, or works contract across its full economic life, including acquisition, operation, maintenance, end-of-life disposal, and where methodologically established, external environmental costs such as greenhouse gas emissions.

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Award Criteria & Evaluation

Lowest Cost Criterion

The Lowest Cost Criterion is a contract award approach that identifies the winning tender by reference to the total cost of the procured item over a defined scope, which may include acquisition, operation, maintenance, and disposal costs rather than purchase price alone, making it a more economically rigorous alternative to lowest price.

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Award Criteria & Evaluation

Lowest Price Criterion

The Lowest Price Criterion is a contract award approach where the compliant tender offering the lowest quoted price wins, without any weight given to quality factors; it is legally permitted under EU procurement law but restricted or discouraged in many member states for services and complex procurements.

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Award Criteria & EvaluationMEAT

Most Economically Advantageous Tender (MEAT)

The Most Economically Advantageous Tender (MEAT) is the mandatory basis for contract award under EU public procurement law, requiring contracting authorities to evaluate tenders on a combination of price, quality, and other criteria linked to the contract subject matter rather than on lowest price alone.

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Award Criteria & Evaluation

Non-Compliant Tender

A Non-Compliant Tender is a bid that fails to meet the mandatory requirements set out in the procurement documents, whether through material deviations from the technical specification, missing mandatory information, or failure to satisfy pass-or-fail conditions, and which must be excluded from the award evaluation before scoring begins.

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Award Criteria & Evaluation

Price Criterion

The Price Criterion is the element of a tender evaluation that measures the quoted purchase or contract price, either as the sole basis for award in lowest-price procurements or as a weighted component alongside quality criteria in best price-quality ratio evaluations under EU public procurement law.

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Award Criteria & Evaluation

Quality Criteria

Quality Criteria are the non-price dimensions used to evaluate tenders under a best price-quality ratio or MEAT assessment, covering attributes such as technical merit, delivery methodology, environmental performance, social value, and after-sales service, each scored against published descriptors and weighted relative to the price element.

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Award Criteria & Evaluation

Ranking of Award Criteria

Ranking of Award Criteria is an alternative to percentage weighting where a contracting authority publishes its award criteria in descending order of importance without assigning precise percentage weights, permitted under EU procurement law only where it is not possible to specify weightings in advance due to the complexity of the procurement.

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Award Criteria & Evaluation

Scoring Methodology

Scoring Methodology is the documented system used by a contracting authority to translate tender responses into numerical scores against each award criterion, defining the scale used, the descriptors that distinguish scoring levels, and whether scoring is absolute (each bid assessed on its own merits) or relative (best bid sets the benchmark).

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Award Criteria & Evaluation

Technical Merit

Technical Merit is a quality award criterion that assesses the intrinsic technical quality of a tender, covering the proposed solution design, methodology, approach to delivery, innovation, and fitness for purpose, typically carrying the highest weight among qualitative criteria in services and complex goods procurement.

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Award Criteria & Evaluation

Tender Validity Period

The Tender Validity Period is the duration for which a submitted tender remains binding on the bidder, during which the contracting authority may accept the bid and form a contract, typically ranging from 90 to 180 days after the submission deadline, and which may be extended by mutual agreement if the evaluation process takes longer than anticipated.

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Award Criteria & Evaluation

Variant (Alternative Tender)

A Variant, also called an Alternative Tender, is a submission that proposes an alternative technical solution or approach to the one specified in the procurement documents, permitted by a contracting authority alongside a conforming compliant tender, enabling authorities to benefit from innovative market solutions without departing from the core requirement.

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Award Criteria & Evaluation

Weighting of Award Criteria

The Weighting of Award Criteria refers to the percentage or numerical importance assigned to each award criterion, which must be published in advance and applied consistently throughout evaluation, determining how much influence each criterion has on the overall tender score and therefore on which supplier wins the contract.

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