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EU Directives & Regulations

Plain-language definitions of every EU Directives & Regulations term that shows up in government tender work.


EU Directives & RegulationsESPD

Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2016/7 (ESPD)

Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2016/7 introduced the European Single Procurement Document, a standardised self-declaration form that allows suppliers to assert their eligibility and capability at the start of a tender process without submitting full supporting certificates, significantly reducing the administrative burden of bidding across European markets.

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EU Directives & Regulations

Directive 2007/66/EC (Remedies Directive)

Directive 2007/66/EC strengthened the EU remedies framework by introducing mandatory standstill periods before contract signature, automatic suspension upon challenge, and powers for review bodies to set aside unlawfully awarded contracts, giving unsuccessful bidders meaningful and timely redress.

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EU Directives & Regulations

Directive 2009/81/EC (Defence and Security Directive)

Directive 2009/81/EC establishes an EU-wide procurement framework for defence and sensitive security contracts, balancing open competition with the security of supply, information, and operational confidentiality requirements that distinguish defence markets from standard public procurement.

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EU Directives & Regulations

Directive 2014/23/EU (Concessions Directive)

Directive 2014/23/EU is the first EU law to specifically regulate the award of concession contracts, establishing transparency and competition rules for arrangements where a private operator runs a public service and bears the operating risk in exchange for revenue from users or the authority.

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EU Directives & Regulations

Directive 2014/24/EU (Public Procurement Directive)

Directive 2014/24/EU is the principal EU law governing public procurement by contracting authorities, setting rules for procedures, thresholds, advertising, and award criteria to ensure open competition and value for money across the European single market.

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EU Directives & Regulations

Directive 2014/25/EU (Utilities Directive)

Directive 2014/25/EU governs procurement by entities operating in the water, energy, transport, and postal services sectors, applying more flexible rules than the standard public sector directive to reflect the partly commercial nature of utilities procurement.

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EU Directives & Regulations

Directive 89/665/EEC (Remedies Directive - Public Sector)

Directive 89/665/EEC is the foundational EU law requiring member states to provide rapid and effective review procedures for public sector procurement challenges, giving suppliers the right to seek interim measures, set aside unlawful decisions, and claim damages before national review bodies.

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EU Directives & Regulations

Directive 92/13/EEC (Remedies Directive - Utilities)

Directive 92/13/EEC establishes the remedies framework for utilities procurement, requiring member states to provide rapid and effective review procedures including interim measures, setting aside of unlawful decisions, and damages for suppliers challenging procurement by water, energy, transport, and postal entities.

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EU Directives & Regulations

EU Services Directive (2006/123/EC)

Directive 2006/123/EC on services in the internal market removes unjustified barriers to cross-border service provision and establishment, requiring member states to simplify authorisation procedures and eliminate discriminatory requirements, making it easier for service companies to operate across European markets.

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EU Directives & RegulationsTFEU

EU Treaty Principles (TFEU) in Procurement

The Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union establishes fundamental principles of transparency, equal treatment, non-discrimination, proportionality, and mutual recognition that apply to all public procurement with cross-border interest in Europe, whether or not a specific procurement directive applies.

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EU Directives & Regulations

European Single Market Rules

The European single market rules establish a unified economic area across EU member states, and extending practically to EEA countries, where goods, services, capital, and people move freely, forming the legal and commercial foundation on which cross-border public procurement competition is built.

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EU Directives & RegulationsIPI

International Procurement Instrument (IPI)

The International Procurement Instrument (Regulation (EU) 2022/1031) allows the European Commission to restrict access to EU public procurement markets for companies from countries that do not offer reciprocal and comparable access to their own public contracts, creating leverage to open third-country procurement markets to European suppliers.

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EU Directives & Regulations

Late Payment Directive (2011/7/EU)

Directive 2011/7/EU on combating late payment in commercial transactions sets maximum payment terms and automatic interest and compensation rights for suppliers, with stricter rules for public authorities to protect businesses, particularly SMEs, from cash flow damage caused by slow-paying buyers.

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EU Directives & RegulationsCPV

Regulation (EC) 213/2008 (CPV Regulation)

Regulation (EC) 213/2008 established the Common Procurement Vocabulary, a unified classification system for public contracts that assigns standardised numeric codes to goods, works, and services, enabling consistent tender publication, searchability, and cross-border market intelligence across Europe.

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EU Directives & RegulationseForms

Regulation (EU) 2019/1780 (eForms Implementing Regulation)

Regulation (EU) 2019/1780 introduced eForms as the mandatory structured data standard for public procurement notices published on TED, replacing legacy PDF-based forms with machine-readable XML notices that carry richer procurement information and support data-driven market analysis.

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EU Directives & Regulations

Regulation on Foreign Subsidies (2022/2560)

Regulation (EU) 2022/2560 on foreign subsidies distorting the internal market empowers the European Commission to investigate and remedy financial contributions from non-EU governments to companies bidding for large EU public contracts, levelling the playing field between EU-based firms and subsidised foreign competitors.

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